Vitamin K Exerts Impressive Effects on Arterial Health
A new animal study has found that vitamin K may prevent calcification of the arteries.
Arterial calcification is generally regarded as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Matrix Gla-protein (MGP) is a potent inhibitor of arterial calcification and its activity depends on vitamin K2. In rats, inactivation of MGP by treatment with the vitamin K-antagonist warfarin leads to rapid calcification of the arteries. Consequently, researchers decided to investigate whether a vitamin-K-rich diet can regress arterial calcification.
First, the researchers divided the rats into two groups, a control group with vitamin K added to the diet, and a group given warfarin, which induces arterial hardening in rats by acting as a vitamin K-antagonist. After six weeks of warfarin treatment, the rats showed signs of significant arterial hardening. For an additional six weeks, the study authors then further divided the rodents initially treated with warfarin into four groups: animals fed a standard diet plus warfarin, a standard diet plus vitamin K1 at normal dose (5 micrograms per gram of food), a standard diet plus high-dose vitamin K1 (100 micrograms per gram of food), or the standard diet plus high-dose vitamin K2 (100 micrograms per gram of food).
During the second six-week period, the calcifications in the warfarin-treated control group continued. The arterial calcification also continued in the normal dose vitamin K1 group, indicating that vitamin K1 received from the diet in normal amounts had no effect. By contrast, in both groups that consumed high doses of vitamin K1 and K2 arterial calcium content declined by about 50 percent. Additionally, arterial distensibility (elasticity of the blood vessels) was restored by the vitamin-K-rich diet. The high-vitamin-K diet not only prevented calcification in the animals but also regressed existing arterial calcification. Furthermore, by measuring antibodies for MGP (Matrix Gla-protein, a potent inhibitor of arterial calcification) researchers determined that local vitamin-K deficiency was demonstrated at sites of calcification.
The fact that the vitamin K2 concentration in the tissues of both high-dose groups was similar indicated that vitamin K1 was converted into vitamin K2 when consumed at these higher doses.
The researchers concluded, “This is the first study in rats demonstrating that arterial calcification and the resulting decreased arterial distensibility are reversible by high vitamin K intake.”
Reference:
Schurgers LJ, Spronk HM, Soute BA, Schiffers PM, Demey JG, Vermeer C. Regression of warfarin-induced medial elastocalcinosis by high intake of vitamin K in rats. Blood. 2006 Nov 30; [Epub ahead of print].
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Yours in health,
Dr. Alan C. Ivar
Posted: March 2nd, 2007 under Anti Aging - Hormones.
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